Actualités CEREMAIA Tenon

Inès ELHANI et al.

Oct 181 min read

A20 Haploinsufficiency: A Systematic Review of 177 Cases

Inès Elhani, Quentin Riller, Guilaine Boursier, Véronique Hentgen, Frédéric Rieux Laucat, Sophie Georgin-Lavialle.

PII: S0022-202X(23)03194-9

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jid.2023.12.007

Reference: JID 4099

Abstract:

A20 haploinsufficiency is an autoinflammatory disease caused by defective inactivation of the NF-κB pathway. We conducted a systematic literature review of articles reporting patients with TNFAIP3 sequence variants from 2016 to August 2023 following PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. Data from 177 patients from 65 articles were retrieved (108 women). The principal features were mucosal ulcers (n = 129); fever (n = 93) followed by gastrointestinal (n = 81); skin features (n = 76); autoimmunity (n = 61), including thyroiditis (n = 25) and lupus (n = 16); and joint involvements (n = 54). Five patients had died at the time of publication. In 54 of 63 patients, CRP was significantly elevated during flares, with a median of 51 mg/l. The most commonly used treatment included corticosteroids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (n = 32), TNF blockers (n = 29), colchicine (n = 28), and methotrexate (n = 14). TNFAIP3 variants impacted the ovarian tumor domain in 92 cases and a Zinc finger domain in 68 cases. Geographic origin, reported sex, and variant type significantly impacted phenotype. A better understanding of the wide A20 haploinsufficiency phenotype could facilitate the diagnosis process. Much remains to be elucidated about pathogenesis and treatment to improve outcome in patients with A20 haploinsufficiency.

Parentelli et al

Oct 171 min read

French update on somatic mutations in SAIDs by Parentelli et al (2024)

First author :Parentelli et al

Revue: La Revue de médecine interne

Link to article: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.revmed.2024.05.003

Fig. 2. Frise chronologique des découvertes des mutations somatiques et constitutionnelles dans les maladies autoinflammatoires

Abstract:

Systemic auto-inflammatory diseases (SAIDs) are disorders associated with deregulation of innate immunity in which patients present classically with systemic inflammatory manifestations, in particular fever, skin-mucosal rashes, arthromyalgia and abdominal pain, with an increase in blood biomarkers of inflammation. At the time of their discovery, these diseases were associated with constitutional mutations in genes encoding proteins involved in innate immunity, and it was then considered that they had to begin in childhood. This dogma of constitutional mutations in SAIDs is no longer so unquestionable, since 2005 several cases of mosaicism have been reported in the literature, initially in cryopyrinopathies, but also in other SAIDs in patients with obvious clinical phenotypes and late onset of disease expression, in particular in the VEXAS syndrome (Vacuoles, E1 enzyme, X-linked, Autoinflammatory, Somatic Syndrome) and very recently in MEVF gene. Next-generation sequencing techniques are more sensitive than Sanger for detecting mosaicisms. So, when a clinical diagnosis seems obvious but no constitutional mutation is found by low-depth genetic analysis, it is useful to discuss with expert geneticists whether to consider another genetic approach in a child or an adult. This modifies the situations in which clinicians can evoke these diseases. This review provides an update on mosaicism in SAIDs.

Philippe Mertz et al.

Oct 171 min read

French update on AIDs associated with elevated interleukin 18 by Mertz et al (2024)

First author : P. Mertz

Revue: La Revue de médecine interne

Link to article:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.revmed.2024.08.003

Fig. 1. Voie de l’inflammasome aboutissant à la pyroptose et à la libération d’IL18 active.

Abstract:

Autoinflammatory diseases (AIDs) are conditions characterized by dysfunction of innate immunity, causing systemic inflammation and various clinical symptoms. The field of AIDs has expanded due to improved comprehension of pathophysiological mechanisms and advancements in genomics techniques. A new emerging category of AIDs is characterized by a significant increase in interleukin 18 (IL-18), a pro-inflammatory cytokine synthesized in macrophages and activated by caspase 1 via various inflammasomes. IL-18 plays a role in the regulation of innate and adaptive immunity. IL-18 is involved in various functions, such as the proliferation, survival, and differentiation of immune cells, tissue infiltration of immune cells, polarization of immune responses, and production of other pro-inflammatory cytokines. This review analyzes the literature on IL-18 regarding its functions and its implications in the diagnosis and treatment of AIDs. IL-18-associated AIDs comprise Still's disease and diseases associated with mutations in NLRC4, XIAP, CDC42, and PSTPIP1, as well as IL-18BP deficiencies. With the exception of PSTPIP1-associated diseases, these conditions all carry a risk of macrophagic activation syndrome. Measuring IL-18 levels in serum can aid in the diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of these diseases. Therapies targeting IL-18 and its signaling pathways are currently under investigation.

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A20 Haploinsufficiency: A Systematic Review of 177 Cases

French update on somatic mutations in SAIDs by Parentelli et al (2024)

French update on AIDs associated with elevated interleukin 18 by Mertz et al (2024)